This presentation describes the emergence and state of election monitoring, its contribution to democratic transition, and problems and shortcomings of election observation. It also focuses on vote count verification and improving professionalism.

The presentation describes challenges facing emerging democracies and factors different from western systems that can impact campaign finance. Results from a study of campaign finance are summarized.

This presentation describes the Campaign Finance Board (CFB) in New York, campaign finance components, mandates, public funding issues and audit reports.

This presentation describes seven key differences between democratic and undemocratic elections.

The presentation describes pre-election day fraud through the campaign or registration, election day fraud, vote buying, abuse of state resources and detecting abuse.

This presentation focuses on the Palestinian elections - how it was successful, key players, the role of the international community and shortcomings.

This presentation describes the importance of delimitation, types of electoral systems that delimit electoral districts, legal framework, authority, communities of interest and examples from Sierra Leone and Lebanon.

This presentation describes the role of elections in democratization and historical paths to democracy in monarchies. It also gives background information on Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and Saudi Arabia.

The presentation describes the Organization of American States, mandates to observe elections, activities of observers, and inclusive and clean elections.

This presentation describes the importance of media for fair, free and transparent elections.