The presentation describes pre-election day fraud through the campaign or registration, election day fraud, vote buying, abuse of state resources and detecting abuse.

The presentation describes the Organization of American States, mandates to observe elections, activities of observers, and inclusive and clean elections.

This presentation describes the importance of media for fair, free and transparent elections.

This presentation describes election management bodies (EMBs), including key elements, basic models and guiding principles.

The presentation describes challenges facing emerging democracies and factors different from western systems that can impact campaign finance. Results from a study of campaign finance are summarized.