The presentation describes challenges facing emerging democracies and factors different from western systems that can impact campaign finance. Results from a study of campaign finance are summarized.

This presentation describes seven key differences between democratic and undemocratic elections.

This presentation describes the role of elections in democratization and historical paths to democracy in monarchies. It also gives background information on Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and Saudi Arabia.

This presentation gives a definition of democracy, three kinds of citizenship, democratic theories, principles of liberalism and types of democracies.

The presentation focuses on the function of media in the electoral process, including basic rights and best practices. Models and scope for regulation are discussed.